Publications

For a complete list of all the water security project related publications click here.

Transboundary Water Governance


Norman, Emma, Cohen, Alice, and Bakker, Karen (eds) (2012). Flashpoints and Collaboration: How problems can inspire innovative solutions for Canada, the US, and the governance of shared waters (Report June 2012). Vancouver: Program on Water Governance.


Norman, Emma and K. Bakker. (2010). “Governing Water across the Canada-U.S. Borderland” in Borders and Bridges: Navigating Canada’s International Policy Relations in a North American Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press, editors Geoffrey Hale and Monica Gattinger. 194-212.


Norman, Emma S. and Bakker, Karen, 2009. “Transgressing Scales: Transboundary Water Governance across the Canada – U.S. Border.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 99 (1): 99 – 117.


Norman, Emma S. and Jean O. Melious. 2008. Hidden Waters: Transboundary Environmental Management across the 49th Parallel. Border Bio-Regions and Coastal Corridors: Transnational Policy Challenges in Western North America. University of Calgary Press. Editors Don Alper, Chad Day, and James Loucky. 195-218.


Norman, Emma and Karen Bakker. (2007). Local Canada – U.S. Transboundary Water Governance: Issues, Drivers and Barriers. (Briefing Note). Vancouver, BC: Program on Water Governance.


Norman, Emma and Karen Bakker. (2007) “Local Stakeholders Governing Water across the 49th Parallel.” Bellingham, WA: Border Policy Research Institute: Western Washington University, 2007. 1-4. Vol. 2.


Norman, E. and Bakker, K. 2005. “Drivers and Barriers of Cooperation in Transboundary Water Governance: A Case Study of Western Canada and the United States.” Report to The Walter and Duncan Gordon Foundation.


Norman, Emma and Karen Bakker. Oct. 2004 Transboundary Groundwater Governance: An Annotated Bibliography.


Norman, Emma Spenner and Jean O. Melious. 2004. Transboundary Environmental Management: A Study of the Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer in Western Washington and Southern British Columbia. Journal of Borderland Studies. Vol. 19(2): 101- 119.

Municipal Water Governance


Furlong, Kathryn and Karen Bakker (2010). The contradictions of “Alternative” Service Delivery: Governance, Business Models, and Sustainability in Municipal Water Supply. Working Paper: Manuscript submitted to Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy vol. 28 issue 2.


Furlong, K. and K. Bakker (2010). Governance and sustainability at a municipal scale: The challenge of water conservation. Working Paper: Manuscript submitted to Canadian Public Policy.


Cook, C. & K. Furlong (2008). Good Governance for Municipal Water Conservation: An Annotated Bibliography. Vancouver, BC: UBC Program on Water Governance & Infrastructure Canada. This annotated bibliography present a ready guide to key research in the area of municipal water conservation policy and practice.


Gardner, J. & Furlong, K. (2008). Workshop Report: Sustainable Water Infrastructure Management in Canada Workshop held May 5th, 2008 at the Peter Wall Institute, UBC. Vancouver, BC: Program on Water Governance and Infrastructure Canada.


Furlong, K., C. Cook & K. Bakker (2008). Good Governance for Water Conservation: A Primer. Vancouver, BC: UBC Program on Water Governance & Infrastructure Canada. This primer present a ready guide to the policy consideration stemming from the project research.
Version française: Bonne gouvernance pour la conservation de l’eau: Guide d’introduction.


Furlong, K. & K. Bakker (2008). Achieving Water Conservation: Strategies for Good Governance (Policy Report). Vancouver, BC: UBC Program on Water Governance & Infrastructure Canada. This document is the second policy report to result from the project and follows from the Canada-wide research phase of the project.
Version française: Réaliser la conservation de l’eau: Stratégies pour une bonne gouvernance.


Furlong, K. & K. Bakker (2007). Water Governance in Transition: Utility restructuring and demand management in Ontario (Policy Report). Vancouver, BC: UBC Program on Water Governance & Infrastructure Canada. This document is the first policy report to result from the project and follows from the Ontario pilot phase of the project.


Furlong, K. (2007). Report on the Water Governance in Transition: Utility Restructuring and Demand Management in Ontario. Workshop held April 13, 2007 at the Peter Wall Institute, UBC. Vancouver, BC: Program on Water Governance and Infrastructure Canada, 2007.


Furlong, Kathryn, and Karen Bakker. Municipal Water Supply Governance in Canada: Uptake of Water Conservation Technologies in the Context of Utility Restructuring. Poster and Presentation presented at the Infrastructure Canada Research to Action Workshop, Ottawa , ON, November 29 – December 1, 2006.

Water and Development


Mirosa, O. and Harris, L. (2011). Human Right to Water: Contemporary Challenges and Contours of a Global Debate. Antipode 44(3): 932-949.


Harris, L., J. Goldin, C. Sneddon (forthcoming May 15, 2013). Contemporary Water Governance in the Global South: Scarcity, Marketization and Participation. Routledge, London


Harris, Leila. (2002). Water and Conflict Geographies of the Southeast Anatolia Project. Society and Natural Resources. 15: 743–759.


Harris, Leila. (2008). Water Rich, Resource Poor: Intersections of Gender, Poverty, and Vulnerability in Newly Irrigated Areas of Southeastern Turkey World Development 36 (12). 36 (12): 2643- 2662.


Harris, Leila. (2009) Gender and Emergent Water Governance: Comparative Overview of Neoliberalized Natures and Gender Dimensions of Privatization, Devolution and Marketization. Gender, Place and Culture 16 (4): 387-408.


Harris, L. (2009). Contested Sustainabilities: assessing narratives of environmental change in southeastern Turkey. Local Environment 14 (8): 699-720


Harris, L. and S. Alatout (forthcoming, 2010) Negotiating Scales, Forging States: Comparison of the Upper Tigris/Euphrates and Jordan River Basins. Political Geography.


Norman E. S, Carr D. 2009. Rio Summit in Kitchin R, Thrift N (eds) International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Volume 9, pp. 406-411.Oxford: Elsevier.


Carr, David and Emma S. Norman. 2008. “Global Civil Society? The Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development.” Geoforum 39(1): 358-71.


Bakker, K., Michelle Kooy, Nur Endah Shofiani, and Ernst-Jan Martijn (2006). Disconnected: Poverty, Water Supply and Development in Jakarta, Indonesia. Background paper for the UNDP Human Development Report.

Water in Canada


Cohen, A. and S. Davidson. (2011). The watershed approach:  Challenges, antecedents, and the transition from technical tool to governance unit. Water Alternatives 4(1):  521-534.


Nowlan, L. and K. Bakker. (2010). Practising Shared Water Governance in Canada: A Primer. Vancouver, BC: Program on Water Governance.


Cohen, Alice and Karen Bakker (2010) “Groundwater Governance: explaining regulatory non-compliance.’ International Journal of Water 5(3): 246-266.


Cohen, A. (2009) The Sixth Great Lake: Groundwater in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Basin, a report done through the Walter and Duncan Gordan Water Policy Fellowship program.

This report provides a ‘snapshot’ of the current state of groundwater management in the Ontario portion of the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence River Basin (‘the basin’). It serves as a primer on groundwater in the basin, an introduction to legislative frameworks in the basin, and offers recommendations for future action.


Nowlan, L. and K. Bakker, November 2007. Delegating Water Governance: Issues and Challenges in the BC Context.

This report is intended to provide useful information and tools for government and other stakeholders participating in the ongoing dialogue on water governance in the province of British Columbia. It presents an independent, academic analysis of select water governance issues, focusing on ‘delegated’ (also known as ‘devolved’ or ‘shared’ or ‘distributed’) water governance.


Bakker, K., ed. 2007. Eau Canada: The Future of Canada’s Water. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press

“Eau Canada” brings together 28 of Canada’s top water experts to debate Canada’s most critical water issues, and to map out solutions. The diverse range of contributors – geographers, environmental lawyers, former government officials, aquatic scientists, economists, and political scientists – reflects the broad range of issues involved in water management debates. Contributors argue that weak governance is at the heart of Canada’s water problems.

The book is targeted at a broad audience with the objective of promoting informed debate about some of the most controversial and pressing water issues facing Canadians. It will be of relevance to academics and students of geography, politics, economics, environmental studies, engineering, and Canadian studies. It will also be of particular interest to water supply managers, environmental and water policy analysts, government officials, community groups, and politicians from across Canada.

Water Security


Bakker, K. (2012). Water Security: Research Challenges and Opportunities. Science, 33(6097): 914-915. DOI: 10.1126/science.1226337


Dunn, Gemma (ed.) (2012). Water Security Guidance Document. Vancouver, BC: UBC Program on Water Governance.


Cook, C., and Bakker, K. (2012). Water Security: Debating an emerging paradigm. Global Environmental Change, 22(1): 94-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.011


Special Issue – Water Alternatives
Themed Section: Water Governance and the Politics of Scale
Guest Editors: Emma Norman, Christina Cook and Karen Bakker

Introduction to the Themed Section: Water governance and the politics of scale
Emma Norman, Karen Bakker and Christina Cook
Water Alternatives 5(1): 52-61                    Abstract | Full Text – PDF

The politics of scaling water governance and adjudication in New Mexico
Eric P. Perramond
Water Alternatives 5(1): 62-82                    Abstract | Full Text – PDF

Toward post-sovereign environmental governance? Politics, scale, and EU Water Framework Directive
Corey Johnson
Water Alternatives 5(1): 83-97                    Abstract | Full Text – PDF

State development and the rescaling of agricultural hydrosocial governance in semi-arid Northwest China
Afton Clarke-Sather
Water Alternatives 5(1): 98-118                  Abstract | Full Text – PDF

Restructuring and rescaling water governance in mining contexts: The co-production of waterscapes in Peru
Jessica Budds and Leonith Hinojosa
Water Alternatives 5(1): 119-137                Abstract | Full Text – PDF

Cultural politics and transboundary resource governance in the Salish sea
Emma Norman
Water Alternatives 5(1): 138-160                Abstract | Full Text – PDF

Parcelling out the watershed: The recurring consequences of organising Columbia river management within a basin-based territory
Eve Vogel
Water Alternatives 5(1): 161-190                Abstract | Full Text – PDF


Emma Norman with Karen Bakker, Christina Cook, Gemma Dunn and Diana Allen (March 2010). Water Security: A Primer (Policy Report). Vancouver, BC: UBC Program on Water Governance. (Note: This document represents the first formulation of our Water Security Assessment Framework, which has since been refined and updated).

Version française: La sécurité hydrique: Guide d’introduction


Dunn, Gemma and Karen Bakker (2009). Canadian Approaches to Assessing Water Security: an Inventory of Indicators (Policy Report). Vancouver, BC: UBC Program on Water Governance.


Norman, Emma S., Karen Bakker, Gemma Dunn. 2011. Recent developments in Canadian water policy: An emerging water security paradigm. Canadian Water Resources Journal. 36(1), 53-66.


Bakker, Karen (2009). Water Security: Canada’s Challenge. Policy Options. July-August 2009.

Can Canadians count on long-term, steady access to sufficient supplies of water that is of acceptable quality for humans without damaging the environment? No, writes Karen Bakker: “Simply put, our water is not secure,” she says. “The wild card in the water world is climate change, which most experts predict will exacerbate water quality and water availability problems.” But Canada, she insists, has the capacity to respond to this challenge. In this article, she assesses the state of Canada’s water, summarizes what we should worry about, explains how we got into this situation, and suggests a few key strategies that would get us out of it.